Functionals: Local Density Approximation

The Local Density Approximation (LDA) is discussed in the following articles:

• The LDA was proposed already in one of the very first articles on DFT,
  Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects
  W. Kohn and L.J. Sham,
  Phys. Rev. 140, A1133 (1965) (subscription needed).
  


• Exchange: In LDA the exchange energy per particle in each spatial point is taken as the exchange energy per particle from a uniform electron gas with a density equivalent to the density in this same point.
  


• Correlation: Originally Wigner correlation was used in LDA.
  


• Correlation: In 1980, Ceperly and Alder (CA) published a study of the total energy of a uniform electron gas,
  Ground State of the Electron Gas by a Stochastic Method
  D. M. Ceperley and B. J. Alder,
  Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 566 (1980) (subscription needed).
  All modern correlation energies per particle are parametrizations of the CA data.
  
  
  
  • VWN: Accurate spin-dependent electron liquid correlation energies for local spin density calculations: a critical analysis
    S. H. Vosko, L. Wilk, and M. Nusair
    Can. J. Phys. 58, 1200 (1980).
    A copy of this article can be obtained here.
  
  
  • PZ: Self-interaction correction to density-functional approximations for many-electron systems
    J. P. Perdew and Alex Zunger
    Phys. Rev. B 23, 5048 (1981) (subscription needed).
  
  
  • PW: Accurate and simple analytic representation of the electron-gas correlation energy
    J. P. Perdew and Y. Wang
    Phys. Rev. B 45, 13244 (1992) (subscription needed).
  
  

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